Flooding remains a growing risk for homeowners across Canada, particularly in areas vulnerable to river overflow, heavy rainfall, and snowmelt. The 2018 floods in New Brunswick caused widespread damage, with approximately 12,000 properties affected, according to the Insurance Bureau of Canada.
More recently, the summer of 2024 saw record-breaking insured losses due to extreme weather events, including urban flooding in Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area, as well as the impact of Hurricane Debbie in Quebec. With floods becoming more frequent and severe, understanding flood insurance and risk management is critical.
Unlike standard home insurance policies, flood coverage is typically an optional add-on. It generally covers damage caused by the overflow of lakes or rivers, surface water accumulation from heavy rain or melting snow, and groundwater entering a home at ground level or through windows, doors, and walls. Coverage details vary by insurer, so homeowners should review their policies and consult their insurance provider to determine whether they need additional protection.
While insurance provides financial protection, homeowners can also take preventive steps to minimize flood damage. Inside the home, storing valuables on upper floors, using water-resistant building materials in basements, and installing a sump pump with backup battery power can reduce potential losses. Installing backflow valves on basement drains and toilets can prevent sewage from backing up into the home.
Outside, ensuring proper grading to direct water away from the foundation and maintaining driveways and patios to prevent water from pooling near the house can help protect the property. Sandbags, flood shields, or barriers can also be used to keep water from entering through basement windows and doors.
If flooding occurs, homeowners should document all damage with photos and videos, contact their insurance provider immediately, and review their policy to understand coverage for repairs and additional living expenses.
Many municipalities provide flood hazard maps to help residents assess their risk. Flood Smart Canada also offers resources on flood-prone areas and insurance options.
As extreme weather events increase, securing the right coverage and taking preventive measures can help homeowners protect their property and financial well-being.
